A liberal democracy can survive for a while on institutional strength and widespread agreement. As long as most people are generally satisfied with how things are going (or have made peace with the status quo), it is easy to imagine that something like a social contract will keep things on track. Hamish MacAuley makes a persuasive case that many Canadians came of age politically between the collapse of the Berlin Wall and the 2008 financial crisis, when consensus was widespread and politics seemed optional, thus many chose to stay out. We abandoned democratic governing habits during prosperous times. Instead, we played politics.In response, McGill's Jacob T. Levy advocates for political action that rejects the status quo while also refusing to burn it all down or take our ball and go home. We should participate in politics, even if it is unsatisfying.When the foundations of our democratic structure or the rights of vulnerable people are jeopardized, it makes sense to delegate authority to politicians who would not deserve it under normal conditions. It can make sense to join our opponents in condemning someone we believe is clearly the best candidate for power. We should not pretend that there is no drawback to making such a decision; we simply need to determine when the advantages outweigh the costs.We must avoid the temptation to gratify our worst inclinations just because it is so satisfying. Satisfying politics will tell us that a choice is excellent just because it is one we (or someone on our side) made. Instead, we need to take a step back and identify when politics is making things worse. We must distinguish between political opponents and foes. We need to improve our ability to distinguish between politics as an increasingly confrontational and antisocial kind of entertainment and the politics required to address social issues.
National economies are propelled by cities These spaces are attractive to the most productive firms and the most talented workers due to the agglomeration advantages they generate, which are the primary cause for their existence. This environment is conducive to growth and development. Cities promote economic advancement by facilitating the sharing, matching, and learning of individuals and businesses through their high density (DURANTON; PUGA, 2004). Furthermore, Marshall (1890) asserted that ideas are "in the air," which implies that the mere concentration of individuals could result in novel outcomes. The functional role of each city in an urban system is contingent upon its ability to provide more specialized products and services to the surrounding areas (LĂ–SCH, 1964; CHRISTALLER, 1966). Given that population development enhances the capacity to generate economies of agglomeration and market potential, the centrality level of cities is also correlated with population s...
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